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Role of local governments in fostering the development of an emerging industry: A market-oriented policy

Jun JIN, Maureen McKELVEY, Ying DONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 447-458 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0104-6

摘要： This research investigates the role of local governments in stimulating an emerging industry and focuses on the specific growth of the new energy vehicle industry in Hangzhou, China. This research confirms that enabling firms to access emerging technology, acquire financial support, and touch customers and/or suppliers are critical to foster the emergence and development of industries. Moreover, the primary contribution of this study is to emphasize the support of the local government in the development of emerging industries on the perspective of the creation of a large-scale market demand. The creation of large-scale market demand may inspire actors to be proactive in responding to these incentives; thus, public and private actions may help increase the accessibility to technology, infrastructure, and finances. Hence, a market-oriented policy that incentivizes the creation and expansion of market demand among diverse public and private actors should be seen as the key issue for the emergence and growth of emerging industries. Policies should also be adopted promptly with the development of the market.

关键词： market demand local government new energy vehicles

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Consistency Guarantees for Professional Appraisal of Geotechnical Engineering Design under Market Leading

Jian-ye Zheng

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 82-85 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015012

摘要： Peer review is central to the process of modern engineering. Open peer review gives the impression that decisions are arrived at in a fair and meritocratic manner with an objective, reliable, consistent process. It is responsible for identifying methodological flaws and for improving the quality. Assistance from somebody in the same discipline is valuable. Clients refer to reviewers as referees since they help to determine the fate of a design. The client sets up a hanging committee to carry out open peer review to decide whether a piece of work should be accepted, revised or rejected. Reviewers in similar specialties make up a professional group. In an open peer review refereeing a retaining and protection structure design of building foundation pit excavation, an outside expert as an assessor, might master the art of review to pay attention to guarantee consistency of processes and outcomes.

关键词： peer review foundation pit excavation retaining and protection structure design introduction

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Low-carbon technology calls for comprehensive electricity-market redesign

Yang YU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第1期页码 128-130 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0020-9

摘要：

The energy transition also calls for electricity- market redesign. Low-carbon technologies will fundamentally reshape the electricity sector. The electricity generation and demand will be significantly unpredictable and uncontrollable thus require for a more sophisticated system operation to guarantee the grid stability and reliability. The higher difficulty induced by the green-technology penetration expose the electricity-market to a higher market-failure risk. Thus, the future low-carbon electricity-market and associated regulation scheme require a comprehensive new design.

关键词： low-carbon technology electricity-system operation market design

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Integration of renewable energies, flexible loads and storages into the German power grid: Actual situation in German change of power system

Harald SCHWARZ, Xiaoshu CAI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 107-118 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0470-x

摘要： Starting from the late 1990’s, the German government decided to change the national electric power supply system dramatically. The main stimulating instrument was the German Law on Renewable Energies (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz (EEG)), which guaranteed a fixed feed-in tariff to everyone who was willing to invest into renewable generation. Based on the year of commissioning, defined revenues per kWh were fixed for the next 20 years. Due to a very attractive over-funding, more than 1.5 million renewable generation units were connected to the German grid up to the end of 2015. According to the EEG, renewable generation units can feed to the grid wherever they are located and whenever they are able to produce. The old physical principle was and is still neglected, which clearly stated that generation always has to follow the demand—simply due to the limited availability of storages in the power system. Only in cases, when temporarily renewable overproduction exceeds the tolerable loading of lines or transformers respectively endangers the system stability in total, are German grid operators allowed to announce curtailments by emergency measures. Even in such cases, the “not produced energy” from renewable sources has to be funded. Although the installed capacity from renewables is much higher than the peak load in Germany, it contributes only about 32% to German average annual energy. Unfortunately, the regional distribution of renewable generation and load is very different, e.g. in the northeast of Germany, this Renewable Energy (RE)-ratio meanwhile exceeds 100% due to the high RE-penetration and low load. High transits of renewable overproduction from the north to the south will be necessary at nearly every day per year. Therefore, a tremendous change is needed within the German power grid. This paper will give a first overview followed by several others, describing possible solutions on how to overcome this critical situation.

关键词： grid integration renewable energies system stability storages flexible loads new market design

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Optimal portfolio design of energy storage devices with financial and physical right market

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 95-104 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0788-2

摘要： With the continuous development of the spot market, in the multi-stage power market environment with the day-ahead market and right market, the study associated with the portfolio of energy storage devices requires that attention should be paid to transmission congestion and power congestion. To maximize the profit of energy storage and avoid the imbalance of power supply and consumption and the risk of node price fluctuation caused by transmission congestion, this paper presents a portfolio strategy of energy storage devices with financial/physical contracts. First, the concepts of financial/physical transmission rights and financial/physical storage rights are proposed. Then, the portfolio models of financial contract and physical contract are established with the conditional value-at-risk to measure the risks. Finally, the portfolio models are verified through the test data of the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) electric power spot market, and the comparison between the risk aversion of portfolios based on financial/physical contract with the portfolio of the market without rights. The simulation results show that the portfolio models proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the risk of market price fluctuations.

关键词： portfolio node price fluctuation transmission right energy storage right risk aversion

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试论企业技术创新的概念和举措

甘自恒

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第8期页码 87-94

摘要：

文章探讨两个问题：1.企业技术创新的概念。在自主研究的基础上，借鉴其他学者的研究成果，概括了企业技术创新的7个特征，给出了一个比较科学全面的企业技术创新定义。2.企业技术创新的举措：a.开发新产品，概括了新产品的分类、特征和定义，新产品开发的10个小阶段，新产品的构成要素及新产品开发的一般原则；b.采用新技术，包括创设科研机构、吸引创新型科技人才，采用新技术，创造新的国际技术标准，更新设备和工艺，推广绿色技术；c.开辟新的市场；d.开拓新的原料供应来源；e.采用新的组织和管理方式。

关键词：企业技术创新开发新产品采用新技术开辟新市场

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Attuned design of demand response program and M-FACTS for relieving congestion in a restructured market

Y. HASHEMI,H. SHAYEGHI,B. HASHEMI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 282-296 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0366-6

摘要： This paper addresses the attuned use of multi-converter flexible alternative current transmission systems (M-FACTS) devices and demand response (DR) to perform congestion management (CM) in the deregulated environment. The strong control capability of the M-FACTS offers a great potential in solving many of the problems facing electric utilities. Besides, DR is a novel procedure that can be an effective tool for reduction of congestion. A market clearing procedure is conducted based on maximizing social welfare (SW) and congestion as network constraint is paid by using concurrently the DR and M-FACTS. A multi-objective problem (MOP) based on the sum of the payments received by the generators for changing their output, the total payment received by DR participants to reduce their load and M-FACTS cost is systematized. For the solution of this problem a nonlinear time-varying evolution (NTVE) based multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) style is formed. Fuzzy decision-making (FDM) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approaches are employed for finding the best compromise solution from the set of Pareto-solutions obtained through multi-objective particle swarm optimization-nonlinear time-varying evolution (MOPSO-NTVE). In a real power system, Azarbaijan regional power system of Iran, comparative analysis of the results obtained from the application of the DR & unified power flow controller (UPFC) and the DR & M-FACTS are presented.

关键词： multi-converter flexible alternative current transmission systems (M-FACTS) demand response fuzzy decision making multi-objective particle swarm optimization-nonlinear time-varying evolution (MOPSO-NTVE)

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Lessons from market reform for renewable integration in the European Union

Furong LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 623-629 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0575-x

摘要：

The European Union (EU) has the most advanced, mature, and liberal energy markets that gave rise to the most dramatic drop in wholesale energy prices, whose fallen, however, has not been translated into a reduction in retail energy prices. Instead, energy prices in Europe rose above inflation year-in-year-out, and are considerably higher compared with major economic partners. This paper highlights the key limitations in the EU market designs and network access toward renewable integration, and the wide range of reforms that the EU is currently undertaken across the Member States to achieve two goals: to make the market fit for renewable, and to set a practical example of how a competitive economy can be built on a sustainable and affordable energy system. This paper concludes with key recommendations to developing nations, particularly in addressing heavy renewable curtailment.

关键词： wholesale energy market retail energy market market for renewables

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横沙深水新港市场化建设机制的探索

江霞,孟舒

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 74-78

摘要：

为推动上海国际航运中心的建设，本文构想在横沙东滩开展上海深水新港的规划建设，并推动现有港口管理体制和建设机制进行改革，实现新的突破。通过回顾、分析、对比和总结我国各大港口及国外主要港口建设机制的成功经验，从效益及可行性等方面，为构想中的横沙深水新港实施市场化的建设机制提出了建议，同时提出了建设“上海自由港”的设想。

关键词：横沙深水新港成功经验建设机制市场化自由港

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A global carbon market?

Michael G. POLLITT

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第1期页码 5-18 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0011-x

摘要：

This paper explores the prospects for a global carbon market as the centerpiece of any serious attempt to reach the ambitious goal for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions set by climate scientists. My aim is to clarify the extent to which we know what policy might best support global decarbonisation. We begin by discussing what we might mean by a global carbon market and its theoretical properties. We then go on to discuss the EU Emissions Trading System experience and the recent experience with the Australian carbon tax. Next, we assess recent carbon market initiatives in the US and in China. My argument is that while establishing the amount of emissions required and dividing it up acceptably between countries requires an enormous scientific and international negotiations effort, the economic instruments to deliver the agreed targets are readily at hand.

关键词： carbon market carbon tax EU ETS

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钛——跨入新千年的金属巨人

杨遇春

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第3期页码 21-31

摘要：

介绍了海绵钛提取及钛材生产在20世纪的兴起与发展；论述了钛、钛材、钛合金在国民经济各主要工业部门，特别是在高新技术领域的广泛应用与重要作用；展望了钛工业在新千年的市场前景并提出在我国应给予重点发展和关注的建议。

关键词：钛海绵钛钛材钛工业钛的市场供求

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高比例新能源并网与运行发展研究

石文辉,屈姬贤,罗魁,李钦淼,何永君,王伟胜

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 52-63 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.07.006

摘要：

大力发展新能源是我国实现碳达峰、碳中和战略目标，加速能源结构绿色低碳转型的刚性需求与必由之路。本文在调研分析我国新能源发展现状和趋势的基础上，展望了我国中期（2030年）、远期（2060年）高比例新能源并网场景；阐述了高比例新能源并网与运行面临的高效消纳与能源保障难题并存、安全稳定运行难度剧增、电力市场机制不适应等挑战；从电源侧、电网侧、负荷侧、储能及基础支撑4个方面，全面分析了高比例新能源并网与运行关键技术体系。着眼我国高比例新能源并网与运行的长期稳健发展，提出了加强协调规划、提升灵活平衡能力，强化技术攻关、突破关键技术体系，建立衔接机制、支撑新能源参与市场，深化市场设计、适应新能源消纳场景等建议，可为电力领域规划、电力技术研究提供基础参考。

关键词：高比例新能源并网与运行新能源消纳电力市场技术体系

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Effects of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: Insights

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 266-285 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0752-1

摘要： Tradable green certificate (TGC) scheme promotes the development of renewable energy industry which currently has a dual effect on economy and environment. TGC market efficiency is reflected in stimulating renewable energy investment, but may be reduced by the herding behavior of market players. This paper proposes and simulates an artificial TGC market model which contains heterogeneous agents, communication structure, and regulatory rules to explore the characteristics of herding behavior and its effects on market efficiency. The results show that the evolution of herding behavior reduces information asymmetry and improves market efficiency, especially when the borrowing is allowed. In addition, the fundamental strategy is diffused by herding evolution, but TGC market efficiency may be remarkably reduced by herding with borrowing mechanism. Moreover, the herding behavior may evolve to an equilibrium where the revenue of market players is comparable, thus the fairness in TGC market is improved.

关键词： tradable green certificate herding behavior evolution heterogeneous agent model complex network

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Toward energy finance market transition: Does China’s oil futures shake up global spots market?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 409-424 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0207-3

摘要： China is breaking through the petrodollar system, establishing RMB-dominating crude oil futures market. The country is achieving a milestone in its transition to energy finance market internationalization. This study explores the price leadership of China’s crude oil futures and identifies its price co-movement to uncover whether it truly shakes up the global oil spots market. First, we find that for oil spots under different gravities, China’s oil futures is only a net price information receiver from light-, medium-, and heavy-gravity oil spots, but it has a relatively stronger price co-movement with these three spots. Second, for oil spots under different sulfur contents, China’s oil futures still has weak price leadership in sweet, neutral, and sour oil spots, but it has strong co-movement with them. Third, for oil spots under different geographical origins, China’s oil futures shows price leadership in East Asian and Australian oil spots at the medium- and long-run time scales and strong price co-movement with East Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American and Australian oil spots. China’s oil futures may not have good price leadership in global spots market, but it features favorable price co-movement.

关键词： China’s oil futures price information spillover price co-movement BK spillover index BDECO model